Cross-Cloud Mlops Benchmarking For AI Workloads In BFSI Enterprises

Authors

  • Satishkumar Rajendran University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, USA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29284/jv8j2s73

Keywords:

Cross-cloud MLOps; Distributed machine learning; Financial AI infrastructure; Cloud benchmarking; Enterprise AI systems.

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic literature review of the existing literature on cross-cloud MLOps benchmarking of artificial intelligence workloads in banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI) companies. The paper provides an overview of the current literature on distributed ML pipeline infrastructures, cloud-based MLOps systems, and benchmarking methods that are used to evaluate enterprise AI pipelines. The literature search covered Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar, however, the primary focus was on the publications from 2015 onward. The review employs a structured methodological approach to establish the dimensions of performance, architectural designs, and operational issues that are commonly documented in cross-cloud machine learning deployment. The review suggests that the distributed computing architectures and containerized orchestration systems play a critical role in improving scalability and model-training efficiency and cross-cloud implementations are further complicated by data synchronization, network overhead, and governance limitations. Some of the most significant evaluation metrics found in the literature reviewed include training latency, inference throughput, resource consumption and infrastructure cost. Based on the synthesis, a conceptual benchmarking framework of BFSI-oriented cross-cloud MLOps systems is proposed, incorporating performance, architectural, and governance factors. The study also identifies future research directions, including standardized benchmarking guidelines, intelligent workload orchestration, and AI infrastructure design that is compliance-conscious.

References

[1] Jordan, M. I., & Mitchell, T. M. (2015). Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects. Science, 349(6245), 255–260.

[2] Sculley, D., Holt, G., Golovin, D., Davydov, E., Phillips, T., Ebner, D., Chaudhary, V., Young, M., Crespo, J.-F., & Dennison, D. (2015). Hidden technical debt in machine learning systems. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 28, 2503–2511.

[3] Rudin, C. (2019). Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(5), 206–215.

[4] Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D., Rabkin, A., Stoica, I., & Zaharia, M. (2010). A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 50–58.

[5] Li, A., Yang, X., Kandula, S., & Zhang, M. (2010). CloudCmp: Comparing public cloud providers. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement (pp. 1–14).

[6] Kou, G., Peng, Y., & Wang, G. (2014). Evaluation of clustering algorithms for financial risk analysis using MCDM methods. Information Sciences, 275, 1–12.

[7] Dean, J., & Ghemawat, S. (2008). MapReduce: Simplified data processing on large clusters. Communications of the ACM, 51(1), 107–113.

[8] Voigt, P., & von dem Bussche, A. (2017). The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A practical guide. Springer.

[9] Zaharia, M., Chen, A., Davidson, A., Ghodsi, A., Hong, S. A., Konwinski, A., Murching, S., Nykodym, T., Ogilvie, P., Parkhe, M., Xie, F., & Zumar, C. (2018). Accelerating the machine learning lifecycle with MLflow. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, 41(4), 39–45.

[10] Kreuzberger, D., Kühl, N., & Hirschl, S. (2023). Machine learning operations (MLOps): Overview, definition, and architecture. IEEE Access, 11, 31866–31879.

[11] Arrieta, A. B., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Del Ser, J., Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., García, S., Gil-López, S., Molina, D., Benjamins, R., Chatila, R., & Herrera, F. (2020). Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): Concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Information Fusion, 58, 82–115.

[12] Burns, B., Grant, B., Oppenheimer, D., Brewer, E., & Wilkes, J. (2016). Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes. Communications of the ACM, 59(5), 50–57.

[13] Pahl, C. (2015). Containerization and the PaaS cloud. IEEE Cloud Computing, 2(3), 24–31.

[14] Leitner, P., & Cito, J. (2016). Patterns in the chaos: A study of performance variation and predictability in public clouds. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 16(3), Article 15.

[15] Zaharia, M., Chowdhury, M., Franklin, M. J., Shenker, S., & Stoica, I. (2010). Spark: Cluster computing with working sets. In Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on Hot Topics in Cloud Computing.

[16] Abadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham, P., Brevdo, E., Chen, Z., Citro, C., Corrado, G. S., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., Ghemawat, S., Goodfellow, I., Harp, A., Irving, G., Isard, M., Jia, Y., Jozefowicz, R., Kaiser, L., Kudlur, M., ... Zheng, X. (2016). TensorFlow: A system for large-scale machine learning. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (pp. 265–283).

[17] Huppler, K. (2009). The art of building a good benchmark. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 37(4), 18–30.

[18] Mattson, P., Cheng, C., Diamos, G., Coleman, C., Micikevicius, P., Patterson, D., Tang, H., Wei, G.-Y., Bailis, P., Bittorf, V., Brooks, D., Chen, D., Dyzma, M., Gardner, A., Hubara, I., Kanter, D., Kumar, N., Liao, J., Narayanan, D., ... Zaharia, M. (2020). MLPerf: An industry standard benchmark suite for machine learning performance. IEEE Micro, 40(2), 8–16.

[19] Ngai, E. W. T., Hu, Y., Wong, Y. H., Chen, Y., & Sun, X. (2011). The application of data mining techniques in financial fraud detection: A classification framework and an academic review of literature. Decision Support Systems, 50(3), 559–569.

[20] Li, Z., O’Brien, L., Zhang, H., & Cai, R. (2012). On a catalogue of metrics for evaluating commercial cloud services. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Grid Computing (pp. 164–173).

[21] Matskin, M., Tahmasebi, S., Layegh, A., Payberah, A. H., Thomas, A., Nikolov, N., & Roman, D. (2021). A survey of big data pipeline orchestration tools from the perspective of the DataCloud project. In Data Analytics and Management in Data Intensive Domains 2021.

[22] Lorido-Botran, T., Miguel-Alonso, J., & Lozano, J. A. (2014). A review of auto-scaling techniques for elastic applications in cloud environments. Journal of Grid Computing, 12(4), 559–592.

[23] Mitchell, M., Wu, S., Zaldivar, A., Barnes, P., Vasserman, L., Hutchinson, B., Spitzer, E., Raji, I. D., & Gebru, T. (2019). Model cards for model reporting. In Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 220–229).

[24] Dal Pozzolo, A., Caelen, O., Johnson, R. A., & Bontempi, G. (2015). Calibrating probability with undersampling for unbalanced classification. In 2015 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (pp. 159–166).

[25] Islam, S., Keung, J., Lee, K., & Liu, A. (2012). Empirical prediction models for adaptive resource provisioning in the cloud. Future Generation Computer Systems, 28(1), 155–162.

[26] Jouppi, N. P., Young, C., Patil, N., Patterson, D., Agrawal, G., Bajwa, R., Bates, S., Bhatia, S., Boden, N., Borchers, A., Boyle, R., Cantin, P.-L., Chao, C., Clark, C., Coriell, J., Daley, M., Dau, M., Dean, J., Gelb, B., ... Yoon, D. (2017). In-datacenter performance analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit. In Proceedings of the 44th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (pp. 1–12).

[27] Buyya, R., Vecchiola, C., & Selvi, S. T. (2013). Mastering cloud computing: Foundations and applications programming. Morgan Kaufmann.

[28] Breck, E., Cai, S., Nielsen, E., Salib, M., & Sculley, D. (2017). The ML test score: A rubric for ML production readiness and technical debt reduction. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (pp. 1123–1132).

[29] Calheiros, R. N., Ranjan, R., Beloglazov, A., De Rose, C. A. F., & Buyya, R. (2011). CloudSim: A toolkit for modelling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms. Software: Practice and Experience, 41(1), 23–50.

[30] Ben-Nun, T., & Hoefler, T. (2019). Demystifying parallel and distributed deep learning: An in-depth concurrency analysis. ACM Computing Surveys, 52(4), Article 65.

[31] Li, M., Andersen, D. G., Park, J. W., Smola, A. J., Ahmed, A., Josifovski, V., Long, J., Shekita, E. J., & Su, B.-Y. (2014). Scaling distributed machine learning with the parameter server. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (pp. 583–598).

[32] Newman, S. (2015). Building microservices: Designing fine-grained systems. O’Reilly Media.

[33] Satyanarayanan, M. (2017). The emergence of edge computing. Computer, 50(1), 30–39.

[34] Gholami, A., Kim, S., Yao, Z., Mahoney, M. W., & Keutzer, K. (2021). AI and machine learning for cloud computing. IEEE Micro, 41(6), 33–40.

[35] Peng, Y., Bao, Y., Chen, Y., Wu, C., & Guo, C. (2018). Optimus: An efficient dynamic resource scheduler for deep learning clusters. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference (pp. 1–14).

[36] Dragoni, N., Giallorenzo, S., Lluch-Lafuente, A., Mazzara, M., Montesi, F., Mustafin, R., & Safina, L. (2017). Microservices: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. In M. Mazzara & B. Meyer (Eds.), Present and ulterior software engineering (pp. 195–216). Springer.

[37] Shi, W., Cao, J., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., & Xu, L. (2016). Edge computing: Vision and challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 3(5), 637–646.

[38] Walker, E. (2009). The real cost of a CPU hour. Computer, 42(4), 35–41.

[39] Corodescu, A.-A., Nikolov, N., Khan, A. Q., Soylu, A., Matskin, M., Payberah, A. H., & Roman, D. (2021). Big data workflows: Locality-aware orchestration using software containers. Sensors, 21(24), 8212.

[40] Schlegel, M., & Sattler, K.-U. (2022). Management of machine learning lifecycle artifacts: A survey. SIGMOD Record, 51(4), 18–29.

[41] Folkerts, E., Alexandrov, A., Sachs, K., Iosup, A., Markl, V., & Tosun, C. (2013). Benchmarking in the cloud: What it should, can, and cannot be. In Selected Topics in Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7755, pp. 173–188). Springer.

[42] Mao, H., Netravali, R., & Alizadeh, M. (2016). Resource management with deep reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (pp. 50–56).

[43] Samek, W., Wiegand, T., & Müller, K.-R. (2017). Explainable artificial intelligence: Understanding, visualizing, and interpreting deep learning models. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 34(6), 76–86.

[44] Kairouz, P., McMahan, H. B., Avent, B., Bellet, A., Bennis, M., Bhagoji, A. N., Bonawitz, K., Charles, Z., Cormode, G., Cummings, R., D’Oliveira, R. G. L., Eichner, H., El Rouayheb, S., Evans, D., Gardner, J., Garrett, Z., Gascón, A., Ghazi, B., Gibbons, P. B., ... Zhao, S. (2021). Advances and open problems in federated learning. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 14(1–2), 1–210.

[45] Strubell, E., Ganesh, A., & McCallum, A. (2019). Energy and policy considerations for deep learning in NLP. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 3645–3650).

[46] Kreps, J., Narkhede, N., & Rao, J. (2011). Kafka: A distributed messaging system for log processing. In Proceedings of the NetDB Workshop (pp. 1–7).

Downloads

Published

2025-12-10

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

[1]
S. Rajendran, “Cross-Cloud Mlops Benchmarking For AI Workloads In BFSI Enterprises”, IJASIS, pp. 1957–1974, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.29284/jv8j2s73.

Share