Triggering Enhanced Production Of Secondary Metabolites In Jatropha Curcas Callus Through Salicylic Acid: An Investigation Combining In Vitro Experiments With In Silico Molecular Docking
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29284/d1zktd02Keywords:
Jatropha curcas, Salicylic acid, Secondary metabolites, Callus culture, Phorbol esters, Molecular Docking.Abstract
Under salicylic acid (SA) elicitation, the build-up of secondary metabolites in Jatropha curcas callus tissue was the focus of this work. Across 30 days of in vitro culture maintained at controlled settings, leaf-derived calli received SA doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/l. Distinct shifts in fresh as well as dry biomass of the Jatropha callus followed the elicitor exposure. A notable lift in fresh weight relative to unexposed cultures emerged at the lower dose end, which can be read as evidence of intensified cell division alongside improved physiological vigor in the callus cells. Through quantitative profiling, SA was found to substantially raise yields of steroids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthocyanins, and phorbol esters; the optimum response sat at the 2.0 mg/l dose. Set against untreated controls, the rises measured 42% for steroids, 38% for saponins, 33% for alkaloids, 29% for terpenoids, 26% for anthocyanins, 24% for glycosides, and 21% for phorbol esters. Since the elicitation outcome scaled in proportion to dose, a plausible reading is that SA re-tunes secondary metabolism by triggering biosynthetic enzymes together with defense-linked routes. Read together, the outcomes mark SA as a practical biotechnological elicitor for raising bioactive yields from Jatropha curcas callus, with applications stretching across pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial bioproduct domains. Via molecular docking, the in silico arm of the work was designed to unpack the molecular basis of SA-driven antioxidant gains and metabolite enrichment in Jatropha callus, with attention given to how SA engages central antioxidant enzymes alongside enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid routes.
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