Neuropsychological Development and Its Impact on Mathematical Learning in Childhood: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29284/rsxf7390Keywords:
Desarrollo neuropsicológico, aprendizaje matemático, infancia.Abstract
El presente estudio desarrolla una revisión sistemática sobre el impacto del desarrollo neuropsicológico en el aprendizaje matemático en la infancia, a partir del análisis de 30 artículos científicos revisados por pares e indexados en Scopus, publicados entre 2019 y 2025. El estudio se llevó a cabo bajo el protocolo PRISMA 2020, aplicando criterios de inclusión rigurosos que privilegiaron investigaciones empíricas y teóricas en idioma español e inglés, centradas en contextos universitarios de EE. UU, China y España. Los resultados evidencian que, desde un enfoque neuropsicológico, se concuerda en que el aprendizaje inicial de las matemáticas se fundamenta en la relación entre procesos cognitivos específicos y generales, analiza la calidad de las interacciones entre el profesor y el alumno siendo fundamental en el aprendizaje inicial de esta área. Se puede detectar situaciones adversas que afectan las rutas del aprendizaje en matemáticas como los nacimientos prematuros, haber enfrentado traumas en etapas tempranas y presentar problemas de sueño. Asimismo, se detecta el uso de juegos, actividades recreativas y la implicación de la familia como métodos importantes para estimular el avance del razonamiento matemático. Por otro lado, las investigaciones analizadas muestran que el entrenamiento inicial y constante de los profesores es un elemento fundamental para mejorar la educación en matemáticas desde una edad temprana. Finalmente, se observa como las herramientas tecnológicas educativas, como las aplicaciones digitales y los ambientes creativos, pueden ayudar a la adquisición de habilidades matemáticas en los primeros años. En conclusión, el estudio ha permitido identificar, clasificar, seleccionar e interpretar los principales estudios y hallazgos encontrados sobre el aprendizaje inicial de matemáticas fundamentadas en conexiones entre factores neuropsicológicos y cognitivos, resaltando la importancia de las funciones ejecutivas, junto con el sentido numérico y el lenguaje relacionado con las matemáticas.
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